These patches are small hydrocolloid-style patches designed for individual blemishes (pimples/spots). For example: “our Blemish Patches are small, transparent hydrocolloid patches designed to help reduce the appearance of pimples and blemishes.”

Key ingredients: they often include salicylic acid, niacinamide, and hyaluronic acid or other soothing actives. E.g., one version says “formulated with Salicylic Acid, Hyaluronic Acid, and Niacinamide.”

Design/packaging: They come in fun shapes (stars, hearts, clouds) and styles: “star-shaped patches prevent spot picking from pick-happy hands” is highlighted.
The core mechanism is hydrocolloid technology: patches adhere to the skin, absorb fluid/exudate from the blemish, act as a barrier to picking and bacteria, and help reduce redness.

They also allow the actives (salicylic acid etc) to work locally on the spot: unclogging pores, reducing inflammation, etc.

Instructions (typical): Clean and dry the area, apply one patch to the blemish, leave for up to ~8 hours (or overnight), then peel off carefully.